<?php

/**
 * @package     Joomla.Plugin
 * @subpackage  Multifactorauth.webauthn
 *
 * @copyright   (C) 2022 Open Source Matters, Inc. <https://www.joomla.org>
 * @license     GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
 */

namespace Joomla\Plugin\Multifactorauth\Webauthn\Extension;

use Exception;
use Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication;
use Joomla\CMS\Event\MultiFactor\Captive;
use Joomla\CMS\Event\MultiFactor\GetMethod;
use Joomla\CMS\Event\MultiFactor\GetSetup;
use Joomla\CMS\Event\MultiFactor\SaveSetup;
use Joomla\CMS\Event\MultiFactor\Validate;
use Joomla\CMS\Factory;
use Joomla\CMS\Language\Text;
use Joomla\CMS\Plugin\CMSPlugin;
use Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper;
use Joomla\CMS\Uri\Uri;
use Joomla\CMS\User\User;
use Joomla\CMS\User\UserFactoryInterface;
use Joomla\Component\Users\Administrator\DataShape\CaptiveRenderOptions;
use Joomla\Component\Users\Administrator\DataShape\MethodDescriptor;
use Joomla\Component\Users\Administrator\DataShape\SetupRenderOptions;
use Joomla\Component\Users\Administrator\Table\MfaTable;
use Joomla\Event\SubscriberInterface;
use Joomla\Input\Input;
use Joomla\Plugin\Multifactorauth\Webauthn\Helper\Credentials;
use RuntimeException;
use Webauthn\PublicKeyCredentialRequestOptions;

// phpcs:disable PSR1.Files.SideEffects
\defined('_JEXEC') or die;
// phpcs:enable PSR1.Files.SideEffects

/**
 * Joomla Multi-factor Authentication plugin for WebAuthn
 *
 * @since 4.2.0
 */
class Webauthn extends CMSPlugin implements SubscriberInterface
{
    /**
     * Auto-load the plugin's language files
     *
     * @var    boolean
     * @since  4.2.0
     */
    protected $autoloadLanguage = true;

    /**
     * The MFA Method name handled by this plugin
     *
     * @var   string
     * @since  4.2.0
     */
    private $mfaMethodName = 'webauthn';

    /**
     * Returns an array of events this subscriber will listen to.
     *
     * @return  array
     *
     * @since  4.2.0
     */
    public static function getSubscribedEvents(): array
    {
        return [
            'onUserMultifactorGetMethod' => 'onUserMultifactorGetMethod',
            'onUserMultifactorCaptive'   => 'onUserMultifactorCaptive',
            'onUserMultifactorGetSetup'  => 'onUserMultifactorGetSetup',
            'onUserMultifactorSaveSetup' => 'onUserMultifactorSaveSetup',
            'onUserMultifactorValidate'  => 'onUserMultifactorValidate',
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Gets the identity of this MFA Method
     *
     * @param   GetMethod  $event  The event we are handling
     *
     * @return  void
     * @since   4.2.0
     */
    public function onUserMultifactorGetMethod(GetMethod $event): void
    {
        $event->addResult(
            new MethodDescriptor(
                [
                    'name'               => $this->mfaMethodName,
                    'display'            => Text::_('PLG_MULTIFACTORAUTH_WEBAUTHN_LBL_DISPLAYEDAS'),
                    'shortinfo'          => Text::_('PLG_MULTIFACTORAUTH_WEBAUTHN_LBL_SHORTINFO'),
                    'image'              => 'media/plg_multifactorauth_webauthn/images/webauthn.svg',
                    'allowMultiple'      => true,
                    'allowEntryBatching' => true,
                ]
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns the information which allows Joomla to render the MFA setup page. This is the page
     * which allows the user to add or modify a MFA Method for their user account. If the record
     * does not correspond to your plugin return an empty array.
     *
     * @param   GetSetup  $event  The event we are handling
     *
     * @return  void
     * @throws  Exception
     * @since   4.2.0
     */
    public function onUserMultifactorGetSetup(GetSetup $event): void
    {
        /**
         * @var   MfaTable $record The record currently selected by the user.
         */
        $record = $event['record'];

        // Make sure we are actually meant to handle this Method
        if ($record->method != $this->mfaMethodName) {
            return;
        }

        // Get some values assuming that we are NOT setting up U2F (the key is already registered)
        $submitClass = '';
        $submitIcon  = 'icon icon-ok';
        $submitText  = 'JSAVE';
        $preMessage  = Text::_('PLG_MULTIFACTORAUTH_WEBAUTHN_LBL_CONFIGURED');
        $type        = 'input';
        $html        = '';
        $hiddenData  = [];

        /**
         * If there are no authenticators set up yet I need to show a different message and take a different action when
         * my user clicks the submit button.
         */
        if (!is_array($record->options) || empty($record->options['credentialId'] ?? '')) {
            $document = $this->getApplication()->getDocument();
            $wam      = $document->getWebAssetManager();
            $wam->getRegistry()->addExtensionRegistryFile('plg_multifactorauth_webauthn');

            $layoutPath = PluginHelper::getLayoutPath('multifactorauth', 'webauthn');
            ob_start();
            include $layoutPath;
            $html = ob_get_clean();
            $type = 'custom';

            // Load JS translations
            Text::script('PLG_MULTIFACTORAUTH_WEBAUTHN_ERR_NOTAVAILABLE_HEAD');

            $document->addScriptOptions('com_users.pagetype', 'setup', false);

            // Save the WebAuthn request to the session
            $user                    = Factory::getApplication()->getIdentity()
                ?: Factory::getContainer()->get(UserFactoryInterface::class)->loadUserById(0);
            $hiddenData['pkRequest'] = base64_encode(Credentials::requestAttestation($user));

            // Special button handling
            $submitClass = "multifactorauth_webauthn_setup";
            $submitIcon  = 'icon icon-lock';
            $submitText  = 'PLG_MULTIFACTORAUTH_WEBAUTHN_LBL_REGISTERKEY';

            // Message to display
            $preMessage = Text::sprintf(
                'PLG_MULTIFACTORAUTH_WEBAUTHN_LBL_INSTRUCTIONS',
                Text::_($submitText)
            );
        }

        $event->addResult(
            new SetupRenderOptions(
                [
                    'default_title' => Text::_('PLG_MULTIFACTORAUTH_WEBAUTHN_LBL_DISPLAYEDAS'),
                    'pre_message'   => $preMessage,
                    'hidden_data'   => $hiddenData,
                    'field_type'    => $type,
                    'input_type'    => 'hidden',
                    'html'          => $html,
                    'show_submit'   => true,
                    'submit_class'  => $submitClass,
                    'submit_icon'   => $submitIcon,
                    'submit_text'   => $submitText,
                ]
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Parse the input from the MFA setup page and return the configuration information to be saved to the database. If
     * the information is invalid throw a RuntimeException to signal the need to display the editor page again. The
     * message of the exception will be displayed to the user. If the record does not correspond to your plugin return
     * an empty array.
     *
     * @param   SaveSetup  $event  The event we are handling
     *
     * @return  void The configuration data to save to the database
     * @since   4.2.0
     */
    public function onUserMultifactorSaveSetup(SaveSetup $event): void
    {
        /**
         * @var   MfaTable $record The record currently selected by the user.
         * @var   Input    $input  The user input you are going to take into account.
         */
        $record = $event['record'];
        $input  = $event['input'];

        // Make sure we are actually meant to handle this Method
        if ($record->method != $this->mfaMethodName) {
            return;
        }

        // Editing an existing authenticator: only the title is saved
        if (is_array($record->options) && !empty($record->options['credentialId'] ?? '')) {
            $event->addResult($record->options);

            return;
        }

        $code                = $input->get('code', null, 'base64');
        $session             = $this->getApplication()->getSession();
        $registrationRequest = $session->get('plg_multifactorauth_webauthn.publicKeyCredentialCreationOptions', null);

        // If there was no registration request BUT there is a registration response throw an error
        if (empty($registrationRequest) && !empty($code)) {
            throw new RuntimeException(Text::_('JERROR_ALERTNOAUTHOR'), 403);
        }

        // If there is no registration request (and there isn't a registration response) we are just saving the title.
        if (empty($registrationRequest)) {
            $event->addResult($record->options);

            return;
        }

        // In any other case try to authorize the registration
        try {
            $publicKeyCredentialSource = Credentials::verifyAttestation($code);
        } catch (Exception $err) {
            throw new RuntimeException($err->getMessage(), 403);
        } finally {
            // Unset the request data from the session.
            $session->set('plg_multifactorauth_webauthn.publicKeyCredentialCreationOptions', null);
            $session->set('plg_multifactorauth_webauthn.registration_user_id', null);
        }

        // Return the configuration to be serialized
        $event->addResult(
            [
                'credentialId' => base64_encode($publicKeyCredentialSource->getAttestedCredentialData()->getCredentialId()),
                'pubkeysource' => json_encode($publicKeyCredentialSource),
                'counter'      => 0,
            ]
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns the information which allows Joomla to render the Captive MFA page. This is the page
     * which appears right after you log in and asks you to validate your login with MFA.
     *
     * @param   Captive  $event  The event we are handling
     *
     * @return  void
     * @throws Exception
     * @since   4.2.0
     */
    public function onUserMultifactorCaptive(Captive $event): void
    {
        /**
         * @var   MfaTable $record The record currently selected by the user.
         */
        $record = $event['record'];

        // Make sure we are actually meant to handle this Method
        if ($record->method != $this->mfaMethodName) {
            return;
        }

        /**
         * The following code looks stupid. An explanation is in order.
         *
         * What we normally want to do is save the authentication data returned by getAuthenticateData into the session.
         * This is what is sent to the authenticator through the Javascript API and signed. The signature is posted back
         * to the form as the "code" which is read by onUserMultifactorauthValidate. That Method will read the authentication
         * data from the session and pass it along with the key registration data (from the database) and the
         * authentication response (the "code" submitted in the form) to the WebAuthn library for validation.
         *
         * Validation will work as long as the challenge recorded in the encrypted AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE matches, upon
         * decryption, the challenge recorded in the AUTHENTICATION DATA.
         *
         * I observed that for whatever stupid reason the browser was sometimes sending TWO requests to the server's
         * Captive login page but only rendered the FIRST. This meant that the authentication data sent to the key had
         * already been overwritten in the session by the "invisible" second request. As a result the challenge would
         * not match and we'd get a validation error.
         *
         * The code below will attempt to read the authentication data from the session first. If it exists it will NOT
         * try to replace it (technically it replaces it with a copy of the same data - same difference!). If nothing
         * exists in the session, however, it WILL store the (random seeded) result of the getAuthenticateData Method.
         * Therefore the first request to the Captive login page will store a new set of authentication data whereas the
         * second, "invisible", request will just reuse the same data as the first request, fixing the observed issue in
         * a way that doesn't compromise security.
         *
         * In case you are wondering, yes, the data is removed from the session in the onUserMultifactorauthValidate Method.
         * In fact it's the first thing we do after reading it, preventing constant reuse of the same set of challenges.
         *
         * That was fun to debug - for "poke your eyes with a rusty fork" values of fun.
         */

        $session          = $this->getApplication()->getSession();
        $pkOptionsEncoded = $session->get('plg_multifactorauth_webauthn.publicKeyCredentialRequestOptions', null);

        $force = $this->getApplication()->input->getInt('force', 0);

        try {
            if ($force) {
                throw new RuntimeException('Expected exception (good): force a new key request');
            }

            if (empty($pkOptionsEncoded)) {
                throw new RuntimeException('Expected exception (good): we do not have a pending key request');
            }

            $serializedOptions = base64_decode($pkOptionsEncoded);
            $pkOptions         = unserialize($serializedOptions);

            if (!is_object($pkOptions) || empty($pkOptions) || !($pkOptions instanceof PublicKeyCredentialRequestOptions)) {
                throw new RuntimeException('The pending key request is corrupt; a new one will be created');
            }

            $pkRequest = json_encode($pkOptions, JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            $pkRequest = Credentials::requestAssertion($record->user_id);
        }

        $document = $this->getApplication()->getDocument();
        $wam      = $document->getWebAssetManager();
        $wam->getRegistry()->addExtensionRegistryFile('plg_multifactorauth_webauthn');

        try {
            /** @var CMSApplication $app */
            $app = Factory::getApplication();
            $app->getDocument()->addScriptOptions('com_users.authData', base64_encode($pkRequest), false);
            $layoutPath = PluginHelper::getLayoutPath('multifactorauth', 'webauthn');
            ob_start();
            include $layoutPath;
            $html = ob_get_clean();
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            return;
        }

        // Load JS translations
        Text::script('PLG_MULTIFACTORAUTH_WEBAUTHN_ERR_NOTAVAILABLE_HEAD');
        Text::script('PLG_MULTIFACTORAUTH_WEBAUTHN_ERR_NO_STORED_CREDENTIAL');

        $document->addScriptOptions('com_users.pagetype', 'validate', false);

        $event->addResult(
            new CaptiveRenderOptions(
                [
                    'pre_message'        => Text::sprintf(
                        'PLG_MULTIFACTORAUTH_WEBAUTHN_LBL_INSTRUCTIONS',
                        Text::_('PLG_MULTIFACTORAUTH_WEBAUTHN_LBL_VALIDATEKEY')
                    ),
                    'field_type'         => 'custom',
                    'input_type'         => 'hidden',
                    'placeholder'        => '',
                    'label'              => '',
                    'html'               => $html,
                    'post_message'       => '',
                    'hide_submit'        => false,
                    'submit_icon'        => 'icon icon-lock',
                    'submit_text'        => 'PLG_MULTIFACTORAUTH_WEBAUTHN_LBL_VALIDATEKEY',
                    'allowEntryBatching' => true,
                ]
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Validates the Multi-factor Authentication code submitted by the user in the Multi-Factor
     * Authentication page. If the record does not correspond to your plugin return FALSE.
     *
     * @param   Validate  $event  The event we are handling
     *
     * @return  void
     * @since   4.2.0
     */
    public function onUserMultifactorValidate(Validate $event): void
    {
        // This method is only available on HTTPS
        if (Uri::getInstance()->getScheme() !== 'https') {
            $event->addResult(false);

            return;
        }

        /**
         * @var   MfaTable $record The MFA Method's record you're validating against
         * @var   User     $user   The user record
         * @var   string   $code   The submitted code
         */
        $record = $event['record'];
        $user   = $event['user'];
        $code   = $event['code'];

        // Make sure we are actually meant to handle this Method
        if ($record->method != $this->mfaMethodName) {
            $event->addResult(false);

            return;
        }

        // Double check the MFA Method is for the correct user
        if ($user->id != $record->user_id) {
            $event->addResult(false);

            return;
        }

        try {
            Credentials::verifyAssertion($code);
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            try {
                $this->getApplication()->enqueueMessage($e->getMessage(), 'error');
            } catch (Exception $e) {
            }

            $event->addResult(false);

            return;
        }

        $event->addResult(true);
    }
}