<?php
/**
 * Part of the Joomla Framework Filesystem Package
 *
 * @copyright  Copyright (C) 2005 - 2021 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * @license    GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE
 */

namespace Joomla\Filesystem;

use Joomla\Filesystem\Exception\FilesystemException;

/**
 * Joomla! Stream Interface
 *
 * The Joomla! stream interface is designed to handle files as streams
 * where as the legacy JFile static class treated files in a rather
 * atomic manner.
 *
 * This class adheres to the stream wrapper operations:
 *
 * @link   https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.stream-get-wrappers.php
 * @link   https://www.php.net/manual/en/intro.stream.php PHP Stream Manual
 * @link   https://www.php.net/manual/en/wrappers.php Stream Wrappers
 * @link   https://www.php.net/manual/en/filters.php Stream Filters
 * @link   https://www.php.net/manual/en/transports.php Socket Transports (used by some options, particularly HTTP proxy)
 * @since  1.0
 */
class Stream
{
	/**
	 * File Mode
	 *
	 * @var    integer
	 * @since  1.0
	 */
	protected $filemode = 0644;

	/**
	 * Directory Mode
	 *
	 * @var    integer
	 * @since  1.0
	 */
	protected $dirmode = 0755;

	/**
	 * Default Chunk Size
	 *
	 * @var    integer
	 * @since  1.0
	 */
	protected $chunksize = 8192;

	/**
	 * Filename
	 *
	 * @var    string
	 * @since  1.0
	 */
	protected $filename;

	/**
	 * Prefix of the connection for writing
	 *
	 * @var    string
	 * @since  1.0
	 */
	protected $writeprefix;

	/**
	 * Prefix of the connection for reading
	 *
	 * @var    string
	 * @since  1.0
	 */
	protected $readprefix;

	/**
	 * Read Processing method
	 *
	 * @var    string  gz, bz, f
	 * If a scheme is detected, fopen will be defaulted
	 * To use compression with a network stream use a filter
	 * @since  1.0
	 */
	protected $processingmethod = 'f';

	/**
	 * Filters applied to the current stream
	 *
	 * @var    array
	 * @since  1.0
	 */
	protected $filters = [];

	/**
	 * File Handle
	 *
	 * @var    resource
	 * @since  1.0
	 */
	protected $fh;

	/**
	 * File size
	 *
	 * @var    integer
	 * @since  1.0
	 */
	protected $filesize;

	/**
	 * Context to use when opening the connection
	 *
	 * @var    string
	 * @since  1.0
	 */
	protected $context;

	/**
	 * Context options; used to rebuild the context
	 *
	 * @var    array
	 * @since  1.0
	 */
	protected $contextOptions;

	/**
	 * The mode under which the file was opened
	 *
	 * @var    string
	 * @since  1.0
	 */
	protected $openmode;

	/**
	 * Constructor
	 *
	 * @param   string  $writeprefix  Prefix of the stream (optional). Unlike the JPATH_*, this has a final path separator!
	 * @param   string  $readprefix   The read prefix (optional).
	 * @param   array   $context      The context options (optional).
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 */
	public function __construct($writeprefix = '', $readprefix = '', $context = [])
	{
		$this->writeprefix    = $writeprefix;
		$this->readprefix     = $readprefix;
		$this->contextOptions = $context;
		$this->_buildContext();
	}

	/**
	 * Destructor
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 */
	public function __destruct()
	{
		// Attempt to close on destruction if there is a file handle
		if ($this->fh)
		{
			@$this->close();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a new stream object with appropriate prefix
	 *
	 * @param   boolean  $usePrefix  Prefix the connections for writing
	 * @param   string   $ua         UA User agent to use
	 * @param   boolean  $uamask     User agent masking (prefix Mozilla)
	 *
	 * @return  Stream
	 *
	 * @see     Stream
	 * @since   1.0
	 */
	public static function getStream($usePrefix = true, $ua = null, $uamask = false)
	{
		// Setup the context; Joomla! UA and overwrite
		$context = [];

		// Set the UA for HTTP
		$context['http']['user_agent'] = $ua ?: 'Joomla! Framework Stream';

		if ($usePrefix)
		{
			return new static(JPATH_ROOT . '/', JPATH_ROOT, $context);
		}

		return new static('', '', $context);
	}

	/**
	 * Generic File Operations
	 *
	 * Open a stream with some lazy loading smarts
	 *
	 * @param   string    $filename              Filename
	 * @param   string    $mode                  Mode string to use
	 * @param   boolean   $useIncludePath        Use the PHP include path
	 * @param   resource  $context               Context to use when opening
	 * @param   boolean   $usePrefix             Use a prefix to open the file
	 * @param   boolean   $relative              Filename is a relative path (if false, strips JPATH_ROOT to make it relative)
	 * @param   boolean   $detectprocessingmode  Detect the processing method for the file and use the appropriate function
	 *                                           to handle output automatically
	 *
	 * @return  boolean
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function open($filename, $mode = 'r', $useIncludePath = false, $context = null, $usePrefix = false, $relative = false,
		$detectprocessingmode = false
	)
	{
		$filename = $this->_getFilename($filename, $mode, $usePrefix, $relative);

		if (!$filename)
		{
			throw new FilesystemException('Filename not set');
		}

		$this->filename = $filename;
		$this->openmode = $mode;

		$url = parse_url($filename);

		if (isset($url['scheme']))
		{
			$scheme = ucfirst($url['scheme']);

			// Map to StringWrapper if required
			if ($scheme === 'String')
			{
				$scheme = 'StringWrapper';
			}

			// If we're dealing with a Joomla! stream, load it
			if (Helper::isJoomlaStream($scheme))
			{
				require_once __DIR__ . '/Stream/' . $scheme . '.php';
			}

			// We have a scheme! force the method to be f
			$this->processingmethod = 'f';
		}
		elseif ($detectprocessingmode)
		{
			$ext = strtolower(pathinfo($this->filename, \PATHINFO_EXTENSION));

			switch ($ext)
			{
				case 'tgz':
				case 'gz':
				case 'gzip':
					$this->processingmethod = 'gz';

					break;

				case 'tbz2':
				case 'bz2':
				case 'bzip2':
					$this->processingmethod = 'bz';

					break;

				default:
					$this->processingmethod = 'f';

					break;
			}
		}

		// Capture PHP errors
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
		{
			// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
			set_error_handler(
				function () {
					return false;
				}
			);
			@trigger_error('');
			restore_error_handler();
		}
		else
		{
			/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
			error_clear_last();
		}

		// Decide which context to use:
		switch ($this->processingmethod)
		{
			// Gzip doesn't support contexts or streams
			case 'gz':
				$this->fh = gzopen($filename, $mode, $useIncludePath);

				break;

			// Bzip2 is much like gzip except it doesn't use the include path
			case 'bz':
				$this->fh = bzopen($filename, $mode);

				break;

			// Fopen can handle streams
			case 'f':
			default:
				// One supplied at open; overrides everything
				if ($context)
				{
					$this->fh = @fopen($filename, $mode, $useIncludePath, $context);
				}
				elseif ($this->context)
				{
					// One provided at initialisation
					$this->fh = @fopen($filename, $mode, $useIncludePath, $this->context);
				}
				else
				{
					// No context; all defaults
					$this->fh = @fopen($filename, $mode, $useIncludePath);
				}

				break;
		}

		if (!$this->fh)
		{
			$error = error_get_last();

			if ($error === null || $error['message'] === '')
			{
				// Error but nothing from php? Create our own
				$error = array(
					'message' => sprintf('Unknown error opening file %s', $filename)
				);
			}

			throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
		}

		// Return the result
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Attempt to close a file handle
	 *
	 * Will return false if it failed and true on success
	 * If the file is not open the system will return true, this function destroys the file handle as well
	 *
	 * @return  boolean
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function close()
	{
		if (!$this->fh)
		{
			throw new FilesystemException('File not open');
		}

		// Capture PHP errors
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
		{
			// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
			set_error_handler(
				function () {
					return false;
				}
			);
			@trigger_error('');
			restore_error_handler();
		}
		else
		{
			/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
			error_clear_last();
		}

		switch ($this->processingmethod)
		{
			case 'gz':
				$res = gzclose($this->fh);

				break;

			case 'bz':
				$res = bzclose($this->fh);

				break;

			case 'f':
			default:
				$res = fclose($this->fh);

				break;
		}

		if (!$res)
		{
			$error = error_get_last();

			if ($error === null || $error['message'] === '')
			{
				// Error but nothing from php? Create our own
				$error = array(
					'message' => 'Unable to close stream'
				);
			}

			throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
		}

		// Reset this
		$this->fh = null;

		// If we wrote, chmod the file after it's closed
		if ($this->openmode[0] == 'w')
		{
			$this->chmod();
		}

		// Return the result
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Work out if we're at the end of the file for a stream
	 *
	 * @return  boolean
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function eof()
	{
		if (!$this->fh)
		{
			throw new FilesystemException('File not open');
		}

		// Capture PHP errors
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
		{
			// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
			set_error_handler(
				function () {
					return false;
				}
			);
			@trigger_error('');
			restore_error_handler();
		}
		else
		{
			/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
			error_clear_last();
		}

		switch ($this->processingmethod)
		{
			case 'gz':
				$res = gzeof($this->fh);

				break;

			case 'bz':
			case 'f':
			default:
				$res = feof($this->fh);

				break;
		}

		$error = error_get_last();

		if ($error !== null && $error['message'] !== '')
		{
			throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
		}

		// Return the result
		return $res;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve the file size of the path
	 *
	 * @return  integer|boolean
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function filesize()
	{
		if (!$this->filename)
		{
			throw new FilesystemException('File not open');
		}

		// Capture PHP errors
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
		{
			// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
			set_error_handler(
				function () {
					return false;
				}
			);
			@trigger_error('');
			restore_error_handler();
		}
		else
		{
			/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
			error_clear_last();
		}

		$res = @filesize($this->filename);

		if (!$res)
		{
			$res = Helper::remotefsize($this->filename);
		}

		if (!$res)
		{
			$error = error_get_last();

			if ($error === null || $error['message'] === '')
			{
				// Error but nothing from php? Create our own
				$error = array(
					'message' => 'Failed to get file size. This may not work for all streams.'
				);
			}

			throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
		}

		$this->filesize = $res;

		// Return the result
		return $this->filesize;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a line from the stream source.
	 *
	 * @param   integer  $length  The number of bytes (optional) to read.
	 *
	 * @return  string
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function gets($length = 0)
	{
		if (!$this->fh)
		{
			throw new FilesystemException('File not open');
		}

		// Capture PHP errors
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
		{
			// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
			set_error_handler(
				function () {
					return false;
				}
			);
			@trigger_error('');
			restore_error_handler();
		}
		else
		{
			/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
			error_clear_last();
		}

		switch ($this->processingmethod)
		{
			case 'gz':
				$res = $length ? gzgets($this->fh, $length) : gzgets($this->fh);

				break;

			case 'bz':
			case 'f':
			default:
				$res = $length ? fgets($this->fh, $length) : fgets($this->fh);

				break;
		}

		if (!$res)
		{
			$error = error_get_last();

			if ($error === null || $error['message'] === '')
			{
				// Error but nothing from php? Create our own
				$error = array(
					'message' => 'Unable to read from stream'
				);
			}

			throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
		}

		// Return the result
		return $res;
	}

	/**
	 * Read a file
	 *
	 * Handles user space streams appropriately otherwise any read will return 8192
	 *
	 * @param   integer  $length  Length of data to read
	 *
	 * @return  string
	 *
	 * @link    https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.fread.php
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function read($length = 0)
	{
		if (!$this->fh)
		{
			throw new FilesystemException('File not open');
		}

		if (!$this->filesize && !$length)
		{
			// Get the filesize
			$this->filesize();

			if (!$this->filesize)
			{
				// Set it to the biggest and then wait until eof
				$length = -1;
			}
			else
			{
				$length = $this->filesize;
			}
		}

		$retval = false;

		// Capture PHP errors
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
		{
			// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
			set_error_handler(
				function () {
					return false;
				}
			);
			@trigger_error('');
			restore_error_handler();
		}
		else
		{
			/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
			error_clear_last();
		}

		$remaining = $length;

		do
		{
			// Do chunked reads where relevant
			switch ($this->processingmethod)
			{
				case 'bz':
					$res = ($remaining > 0) ? bzread($this->fh, $remaining) : bzread($this->fh, $this->chunksize);

					break;

				case 'gz':
					$res = ($remaining > 0) ? gzread($this->fh, $remaining) : gzread($this->fh, $this->chunksize);

					break;

				case 'f':
				default:
					$res = ($remaining > 0) ? fread($this->fh, $remaining) : fread($this->fh, $this->chunksize);

					break;
			}

			if (!$res)
			{
				$error = error_get_last();

				if ($error === null || $error['message'] === '')
				{
					// Error but nothing from php? Create our own
					$error = array(
						'message' => 'Unable to read from stream'
					);
				}

				throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
			}

			if (!$retval)
			{
				$retval = '';
			}

			$retval .= $res;

			if (!$this->eof())
			{
				$len = \strlen($res);
				$remaining -= $len;
			}
			else
			{
				// If it's the end of the file then we've nothing left to read; reset remaining and len
				$remaining = 0;
				$length    = \strlen($retval);
			}
		}
		while ($remaining || !$length);

		// Return the result
		return $retval;
	}

	/**
	 * Seek the file
	 *
	 * Note: the return value is different to that of fseek
	 *
	 * @param   integer  $offset  Offset to use when seeking.
	 * @param   integer  $whence  Seek mode to use.
	 *
	 * @return  boolean  True on success, false on failure
	 *
	 * @link    https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.fseek.php
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function seek($offset, $whence = \SEEK_SET)
	{
		if (!$this->fh)
		{
			throw new FilesystemException('File not open');
		}

		// Capture PHP errors
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
		{
			// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
			set_error_handler(
				function () {
					return false;
				}
			);
			@trigger_error('');
			restore_error_handler();
		}
		else
		{
			/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
			error_clear_last();
		}

		switch ($this->processingmethod)
		{
			case 'gz':
				$res = gzseek($this->fh, $offset, $whence);

				break;

			case 'bz':
			case 'f':
			default:
				$res = fseek($this->fh, $offset, $whence);

				break;
		}

		// Seek, interestingly, returns 0 on success or -1 on failure.
		if ($res == -1)
		{
			$error = error_get_last();

			if ($error === null || $error['message'] === '')
			{
				// Error but nothing from php? Create our own
				$error = array(
					'message' => 'Unable to seek in stream'
				);
			}

			throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
		}

		// Return the result
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the current position of the file read/write pointer.
	 *
	 * @return  integer
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function tell()
	{
		if (!$this->fh)
		{
			throw new FilesystemException('File not open');
		}

		// Capture PHP errors
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
		{
			// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
			set_error_handler(
				function () {
					return false;
				}
			);
			@trigger_error('');
			restore_error_handler();
		}
		else
		{
			/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
			error_clear_last();
		}

		switch ($this->processingmethod)
		{
			case 'gz':
				$res = gztell($this->fh);

				break;

			case 'bz':
			case 'f':
			default:
				$res = ftell($this->fh);

				break;
		}

		// May return 0 so check if it's really false
		if ($res === false)
		{
			$error = error_get_last();

			if ($error === null || $error['message'] === '')
			{
				// Error but nothing from php? Create our own
				$error = array(
					'message' => 'Unable to determine the current position in stream'
				);
			}

			throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
		}

		// Return the result
		return $res;
	}

	/**
	 * File write
	 *
	 * Whilst this function accepts a reference, the underlying fwrite
	 * will do a copy! This will roughly double the memory allocation for
	 * any write you do. Specifying chunked will get around this by only
	 * writing in specific chunk sizes. This defaults to 8192 which is a
	 * sane number to use most of the time (change the default with
	 * Stream::set('chunksize', newsize);)
	 * Note: This doesn't support gzip/bzip2 writing like reading does
	 *
	 * @param   string   $string  Reference to the string to write.
	 * @param   integer  $length  Length of the string to write.
	 * @param   integer  $chunk   Size of chunks to write in.
	 *
	 * @return  boolean
	 *
	 * @link    https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.fwrite.php
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function write(&$string, $length = 0, $chunk = 0)
	{
		if (!$this->fh)
		{
			throw new FilesystemException('File not open');
		}

		if ($this->openmode == 'r')
		{
			throw new \RuntimeException('File is in readonly mode');
		}

		// If the length isn't set, set it to the length of the string.
		if (!$length)
		{
			$length = \strlen($string);
		}

		// If the chunk isn't set, set it to the default.
		if (!$chunk)
		{
			$chunk = $this->chunksize;
		}

		$retval = true;

		// Capture PHP errors
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
		{
			// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
			set_error_handler(
				function () {
					return false;
				}
			);
			@trigger_error('');
			restore_error_handler();
		}
		else
		{
			/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
			error_clear_last();
		}

		$remaining = $length;
		$start     = 0;

		do
		{
			// If the amount remaining is greater than the chunk size, then use the chunk
			$amount = ($remaining > $chunk) ? $chunk : $remaining;
			$res    = fwrite($this->fh, substr($string, $start), $amount);

			// Returns false on error or the number of bytes written
			if ($res === false)
			{
				$error = error_get_last();

				if ($error === null || $error['message'] === '')
				{
					// Error but nothing from php? Create our own
					$error = array(
						'message' => 'Unable to write to stream'
					);
				}

				throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
			}

			if ($res === 0)
			{
				// Wrote nothing?
				throw new FilesystemException('Warning: No data written');
			}

			// Wrote something
			$start += $amount;
			$remaining -= $res;
		}
		while ($remaining);

		// Return the result
		return $retval;
	}

	/**
	 * Chmod wrapper
	 *
	 * @param   string  $filename  File name.
	 * @param   mixed   $mode      Mode to use.
	 *
	 * @return  boolean
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function chmod($filename = '', $mode = 0)
	{
		if (!$filename)
		{
			if (!isset($this->filename) || !$this->filename)
			{
				throw new FilesystemException('Filename not set');
			}

			$filename = $this->filename;
		}

		// If no mode is set use the default
		if (!$mode)
		{
			$mode = $this->filemode;
		}

		// Capture PHP errors
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
		{
			// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
			set_error_handler(
				function () {
					return false;
				}
			);
			@trigger_error('');
			restore_error_handler();
		}
		else
		{
			/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
			error_clear_last();
		}

		$sch = parse_url($filename, \PHP_URL_SCHEME);

		// Scheme specific options; ftp's chmod support is fun.
		switch ($sch)
		{
			case 'ftp':
			case 'ftps':
				$res = Helper::ftpChmod($filename, $mode);

				break;

			default:
				$res = chmod($filename, $mode);

				break;
		}

		if ($res === false)
		{
			$error = error_get_last();

			if ($error === null || $error['message'] === '')
			{
				// Error but nothing from php? Create our own
				$error = array(
					'message' => 'Unable to change mode of stream'
				);
			}

			throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
		}

		// Return the result
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the stream metadata
	 *
	 * @return  array  header/metadata
	 *
	 * @link    https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.stream-get-meta-data.php
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function get_meta_data()
	{
		if (!$this->fh)
		{
			throw new FilesystemException('File not open');
		}

		return stream_get_meta_data($this->fh);
	}

	/**
	 * Stream contexts
	 * Builds the context from the array
	 *
	 * @return  void
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 */
	public function _buildContext()
	{
		// According to the manual this always works!
		if (\count($this->contextOptions))
		{
			$this->context = @stream_context_create($this->contextOptions);
		}
		else
		{
			$this->context = null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Updates the context to the array
	 *
	 * Format is the same as the options for stream_context_create
	 *
	 * @param   array  $context  Options to create the context with
	 *
	 * @return  void
	 *
	 * @link    https://www.php.net/stream_context_create
	 * @since   1.0
	 */
	public function setContextOptions($context)
	{
		$this->contextOptions = $context;
		$this->_buildContext();
	}

	/**
	 * Adds a particular options to the context
	 *
	 * @param   string  $wrapper  The wrapper to use
	 * @param   string  $name     The option to set
	 * @param   string  $value    The value of the option
	 *
	 * @return  void
	 *
	 * @link    https://www.php.net/stream_context_create Stream Context Creation
	 * @link    https://www.php.net/manual/en/context.php Context Options for various streams
	 * @since   1.0
	 */
	public function addContextEntry($wrapper, $name, $value)
	{
		$this->contextOptions[$wrapper][$name] = $value;
		$this->_buildContext();
	}

	/**
	 * Deletes a particular setting from a context
	 *
	 * @param   string  $wrapper  The wrapper to use
	 * @param   string  $name     The option to unset
	 *
	 * @return  void
	 *
	 * @link    https://www.php.net/stream_context_create
	 * @since   1.0
	 */
	public function deleteContextEntry($wrapper, $name)
	{
		// Check whether the wrapper is set
		if (isset($this->contextOptions[$wrapper]))
		{
			// Check that entry is set for that wrapper
			if (isset($this->contextOptions[$wrapper][$name]))
			{
				// Unset the item
				unset($this->contextOptions[$wrapper][$name]);

				// Check that there are still items there
				if (!\count($this->contextOptions[$wrapper]))
				{
					// Clean up an empty wrapper context option
					unset($this->contextOptions[$wrapper]);
				}
			}
		}

		// Rebuild the context and apply it to the stream
		$this->_buildContext();
	}

	/**
	 * Applies the current context to the stream
	 *
	 * Use this to change the values of the context after you've opened a stream
	 *
	 * @return  boolean
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function applyContextToStream()
	{
		$retval = false;

		if ($this->fh)
		{
			// Capture PHP errors
			if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
			{
				// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
				set_error_handler(
					function () {
						return false;
					}
				);
				@trigger_error('');
				restore_error_handler();
			}
			else
			{
				/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
				error_clear_last();
			}

			$retval = @stream_context_set_option($this->fh, $this->contextOptions);

			if (!$retval)
			{
				$error = error_get_last();

				if ($error === null || $error['message'] === '')
				{
					// Error but nothing from php? Create our own
					$error = array(
						'message' => 'Unable to apply context to stream'
					);
				}

				throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
			}
		}

		return $retval;
	}

	/**
	 * Stream filters
	 * Append a filter to the chain
	 *
	 * @param   string   $filtername  The key name of the filter.
	 * @param   integer  $readWrite   Optional. Defaults to STREAM_FILTER_READ.
	 * @param   array    $params      An array of params for the stream_filter_append call.
	 *
	 * @return  resource|boolean
	 *
	 * @link    https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.stream-filter-append.php
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function appendFilter($filtername, $readWrite = \STREAM_FILTER_READ, $params = [])
	{
		$res = false;

		if ($this->fh)
		{
			// Capture PHP errors
			if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
			{
				// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
				set_error_handler(
					function () {
						return false;
					}
				);
				@trigger_error('');
				restore_error_handler();
			}
			else
			{
				/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
				error_clear_last();
			}

			$res = @stream_filter_append($this->fh, $filtername, $readWrite, $params);

			if (!$res)
			{
				$error = error_get_last();

				if ($error !== null && $error['message'] !== '')
				{
					throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
				}
			}

			$this->filters[] = &$res;
		}

		return $res;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepend a filter to the chain
	 *
	 * @param   string   $filtername  The key name of the filter.
	 * @param   integer  $readWrite   Optional. Defaults to STREAM_FILTER_READ.
	 * @param   array    $params      An array of params for the stream_filter_prepend call.
	 *
	 * @return  resource|boolean
	 *
	 * @link    https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.stream-filter-prepend.php
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function prependFilter($filtername, $readWrite = \STREAM_FILTER_READ, $params = [])
	{
		$res = false;

		if ($this->fh)
		{
			// Capture PHP errors
			if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
			{
				// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
				set_error_handler(
					function () {
						return false;
					}
				);
				@trigger_error('');
				restore_error_handler();
			}
			else
			{
				/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
				error_clear_last();
			}

			$res = @stream_filter_prepend($this->fh, $filtername, $readWrite, $params);

			if (!$res)
			{
				$error = error_get_last();

				if ($error !== null && $error['message'] !== '')
				{
					throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
				}
			}

			array_unshift($this->filters, '');
			$this->filters[0] = &$res;
		}

		return $res;
	}

	/**
	 * Remove a filter, either by resource (handed out from the append or prepend function)
	 * or via getting the filter list)
	 *
	 * @param   resource  $resource  The resource.
	 * @param   boolean   $byindex   The index of the filter.
	 *
	 * @return  boolean   Result of operation
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function removeFilter(&$resource, $byindex = false)
	{
		// Capture PHP errors
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
		{
			// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
			set_error_handler(
				function () {
					return false;
				}
			);
			@trigger_error('');
			restore_error_handler();
		}
		else
		{
			/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
			error_clear_last();
		}

		if ($byindex)
		{
			$res = stream_filter_remove($this->filters[$resource]);
		}
		else
		{
			$res = stream_filter_remove($resource);
		}

		if (!$res)
		{
			$error = error_get_last();

			if ($error === null || $error['message'] === '')
			{
				// Error but nothing from php? Create our own
				$error = array(
					'message' => 'Unable to remove filter from stream'
				);
			}

			throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
		}

		return $res;
	}

	/**
	 * Copy a file from src to dest
	 *
	 * @param   string    $src        The file path to copy from.
	 * @param   string    $dest       The file path to copy to.
	 * @param   resource  $context    A valid context resource (optional) created with stream_context_create.
	 * @param   boolean   $usePrefix  Controls the use of a prefix (optional).
	 * @param   boolean   $relative   Determines if the filename given is relative. Relative paths do not have JPATH_ROOT stripped.
	 *
	 * @return  boolean
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function copy($src, $dest, $context = null, $usePrefix = true, $relative = false)
	{
		// Capture PHP errors
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
		{
			// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
			set_error_handler(
				function () {
					return false;
				}
			);
			@trigger_error('');
			restore_error_handler();
		}
		else
		{
			/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
			error_clear_last();
		}

		$chmodDest = $this->_getFilename($dest, 'w', $usePrefix, $relative);

		// Since we're going to open the file directly we need to get the filename.
		// We need to use the same prefix so force everything to write.
		$src  = $this->_getFilename($src, 'w', $usePrefix, $relative);
		$dest = $this->_getFilename($dest, 'w', $usePrefix, $relative);

		// One supplied at copy; overrides everything
		if ($context)
		{
			// Use the provided context
			$res = @copy($src, $dest, $context);
		}
		elseif ($this->context)
		{
			// One provided at initialisation
			$res = @copy($src, $dest, $this->context);
		}
		else
		{
			// No context; all defaults
			$res = @copy($src, $dest);
		}

		if (!$res)
		{
			$error = error_get_last();

			if ($error !== null && $error['message'] !== '')
			{
				throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
			}
		}

		$this->chmod($chmodDest);

		return $res;
	}

	/**
	 * Moves a file
	 *
	 * @param   string    $src        The file path to move from.
	 * @param   string    $dest       The file path to move to.
	 * @param   resource  $context    A valid context resource (optional) created with stream_context_create.
	 * @param   boolean   $usePrefix  Controls the use of a prefix (optional).
	 * @param   boolean   $relative   Determines if the filename given is relative. Relative paths do not have JPATH_ROOT stripped.
	 *
	 * @return  boolean
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function move($src, $dest, $context = null, $usePrefix = true, $relative = false)
	{
		// Capture PHP errors
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
		{
			// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
			set_error_handler(
				function () {
					return false;
				}
			);
			@trigger_error('');
			restore_error_handler();
		}
		else
		{
			/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
			error_clear_last();
		}

		$src  = $this->_getFilename($src, 'w', $usePrefix, $relative);
		$dest = $this->_getFilename($dest, 'w', $usePrefix, $relative);

		if ($context)
		{
			// Use the provided context
			$res = @rename($src, $dest, $context);
		}
		elseif ($this->context)
		{
			// Use the object's context
			$res = @rename($src, $dest, $this->context);
		}
		else
		{
			// Don't use any context
			$res = @rename($src, $dest);
		}

		if (!$res)
		{
			$error = error_get_last();

			if ($error === null || $error['message'] === '')
			{
				// Error but nothing from php? Create our own
				$error = array(
					'message' => 'Unable to move stream'
				);
			}

			throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
		}

		$this->chmod($dest);

		return $res;
	}

	/**
	 * Delete a file
	 *
	 * @param   string    $filename   The file path to delete.
	 * @param   resource  $context    A valid context resource (optional) created with stream_context_create.
	 * @param   boolean   $usePrefix  Controls the use of a prefix (optional).
	 * @param   boolean   $relative   Determines if the filename given is relative. Relative paths do not have JPATH_ROOT stripped.
	 *
	 * @return  boolean
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function delete($filename, $context = null, $usePrefix = true, $relative = false)
	{
		// Capture PHP errors
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70000)
		{
			// @Todo Remove this path, when PHP5 support is dropped.
			set_error_handler(
				function () {
					return false;
				}
			);
			@trigger_error('');
			restore_error_handler();
		}
		else
		{
			/** @noinspection PhpElementIsNotAvailableInCurrentPhpVersionInspection */
			error_clear_last();
		}

		$filename = $this->_getFilename($filename, 'w', $usePrefix, $relative);

		if ($context)
		{
			// Use the provided context
			$res = @unlink($filename, $context);
		}
		elseif ($this->context)
		{
			// Use the object's context
			$res = @unlink($filename, $this->context);
		}
		else
		{
			// Don't use any context
			$res = @unlink($filename);
		}

		if (!$res)
		{
			$error = error_get_last();

			if ($error === null || $error['message'] === '')
			{
				// Error but nothing from php? Create our own
				$error = array(
					'message' => 'Unable to delete stream'
				);
			}

			throw new FilesystemException($error['message']);
		}

		return $res;
	}

	/**
	 * Upload a file
	 *
	 * @param   string    $src        The file path to copy from (usually a temp folder).
	 * @param   string    $dest       The file path to copy to.
	 * @param   resource  $context    A valid context resource (optional) created with stream_context_create.
	 * @param   boolean   $usePrefix  Controls the use of a prefix (optional).
	 * @param   boolean   $relative   Determines if the filename given is relative. Relative paths do not have JPATH_ROOT stripped.
	 *
	 * @return  boolean
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 * @throws  FilesystemException
	 */
	public function upload($src, $dest, $context = null, $usePrefix = true, $relative = false)
	{
		if (is_uploaded_file($src))
		{
			// Make sure it's an uploaded file
			return $this->copy($src, $dest, $context, $usePrefix, $relative);
		}

		throw new FilesystemException('Not an uploaded file.');
	}

	/**
	 * Writes a chunk of data to a file.
	 *
	 * @param   string   $filename      The file name.
	 * @param   string   $buffer        The data to write to the file.
	 * @param   boolean  $appendToFile  Append to the file and not overwrite it.
	 *
	 * @return  boolean
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 */
	public function writeFile($filename, &$buffer, $appendToFile = false)
	{
		$fileMode = 'w';

		// Switch the filemode when we want to append to the file
		if ($appendToFile)
		{
			$fileMode = 'a';
		}

		if ($this->open($filename, $fileMode))
		{
			$result = $this->write($buffer);
			$this->chmod();
			$this->close();

			return $result;
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Determine the appropriate 'filename' of a file
	 *
	 * @param   string   $filename   Original filename of the file
	 * @param   string   $mode       Mode string to retrieve the filename
	 * @param   boolean  $usePrefix  Controls the use of a prefix
	 * @param   boolean  $relative   Determines if the filename given is relative. Relative paths do not have JPATH_ROOT stripped.
	 *
	 * @return  string
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 */
	public function _getFilename($filename, $mode, $usePrefix, $relative)
	{
		if ($usePrefix)
		{
			// Get rid of binary or t, should be at the end of the string
			$tmode = trim($mode, 'btf123456789');

			$stream   = explode('://', $filename, 2);
			$scheme   = '';
			$filename = $stream[0];

			if (\count($stream) >= 2)
			{
				$scheme   = $stream[0] . '://';
				$filename = $stream[1];
			}

			// Check if it's a write mode then add the appropriate prefix
			if (\in_array($tmode, Helper::getWriteModes()))
			{
				$prefixToUse = $this->writeprefix;
			}
			else
			{
				$prefixToUse = $this->readprefix;
			}

			// Get rid of JPATH_ROOT (legacy compat)
			if (!$relative && $prefixToUse)
			{
				$pos = strpos($filename, JPATH_ROOT);

				if ($pos !== false)
				{
					$filename = substr_replace($filename, '', $pos, \strlen(JPATH_ROOT));
				}
			}

			$filename = ($prefixToUse ? $prefixToUse : '') . $filename;
		}

		return $filename;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the internal file handle
	 *
	 * @return  File handler
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 */
	public function getFileHandle()
	{
		return $this->fh;
	}

	/**
	 * Modifies a property of the object, creating it if it does not already exist.
	 *
	 * @param   string  $property  The name of the property.
	 * @param   mixed   $value     The value of the property to set.
	 *
	 * @return  mixed  Previous value of the property.
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 */
	public function set($property, $value = null)
	{
		$previous        = $this->$property ?? null;
		$this->$property = $value;

		return $previous;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a property of the object or the default value if the property is not set.
	 *
	 * @param   string  $property  The name of the property.
	 * @param   mixed   $default   The default value.
	 *
	 * @return  mixed    The value of the property.
	 *
	 * @since   1.0
	 */
	public function get($property, $default = null)
	{
		if (isset($this->$property))
		{
			return $this->$property;
		}

		return $default;
	}
}